PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.